Ingabe isikali sikagesi sinembile?Kungani amamitha amanzi negesi ngezinye izikhathi ephelelwa “inani elikhulu”?Ukuzulazula ngenkathi ushayela kungamisa kanjani isikhathi sangempela?Izici eziningi zempilo yansuku zonke empeleni zihlobene nokulinganisa.Umhla zingama-20 kuNhlaba wusuku “lweWorld Metrology Day”, i-metrology ifana nomoya, ayibonwa, kodwa ihlale iseduze nabantu.
Ukulinganisa kusho umsebenzi wokubona ubunye bamayunithi kanye nenani elinembile nelithembekile, elibizwa ngokuthi “izilinganiso nezilinganiso” emlandweni wethu.Ngokuthuthuka kokukhiqizwa nesayensi nobuchwepheshe, i-metrology yesimanje isithuthuke yaba isiyalo esizimele esimboza ubude, ukushisa, imishini, i-electromagnetism, umsakazo, imvamisa yesikhathi, imisebe ye-ionizing, i-optics, i-acoustics, i-chemistry nezinye izigaba eziyishumi, kanye nencazelo ye-metrology. iye yanda futhi yafinyelela kusayensi yokulinganisa kanye nokusebenza kwayo.
I-Metrology yathuthuka ngokushesha lapho kuvela iNguquko Yezimboni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yasekela inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.NgeNguquko Yezimboni yokuqala, ukukalwa kwezinga lokushisa namandla kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwenjini yesitimu, okwasheshisa isidingo sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela.Uguquko lwesibili lwezimboni lumelwe ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kukagesi, ukukalwa kwezinkomba zikagesi kwasheshisa ukufundwa kwezici zikagesi, futhi ithuluzi likagesi lathuthukiswa lisuka ensizeni elula ebonisa uzibuthe kagesi kuya ethuluzini lezimpawu zikagesi ezinembayo.Ngeminyaka yawo-1940 kanye nawo-1950, kwasungulwa uguquko kubuchwepheshe bokulawula ulwazi emikhakheni eminingi efana nolwazi, amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ubuchwepheshe basemkhathini kanye nobuchwepheshe baseLwandle.Iqhutshwa yikho, i-metrology iye yathuthukela ekunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, okuncane, okuphezulu kakhulu nokuphansi kakhulu, okukhuthaze inqubekelaphambili esheshayo yesayensi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-nanotechnology kanye nobuchwepheshe be-aerospace.Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana namandla e-athomu, ama-semiconductors, namakhompyutha kagesi kukhuthaze ukuguqulwa kancane kancane ukusuka kumabhentshimakhi aphathekayo we-macroscopic kuya kumabhentshimakhi we-quantum, futhi impumelelo entsha yenziwe kubuchwepheshe benzwa obukude, ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona ku-inthanethi.Kungashiwo ukuthi konke ukugxuma kwe-metrology kulethe amandla amakhulu ezinto ezintsha zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, inqubekelaphambili yamathuluzi esayensi kanye nokwandiswa kokulinganisa emikhakheni ehlobene.
Ngo-2018, iNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yama-26 Yezilinganiso yavotela ukwamukela isinqumo sokubuyekezwa Kwesistimu Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yamayunithi (SI), eguqule uhlelo lwamayunithi okulinganisa namabhentshimakhi okulinganisa.Ngokwesinqumo, ikhilogremu, i-ampere, i-Kelvin kanye nemvukuzane kumayunithi ayisisekelo e-SI kwashintshwa kwaba izincazelo eziqhubekayo ezisekelwa ubuchwepheshe be-quantum metrology, ngokulandelana.Uma sithatha ikhilogremu njengesibonelo, eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, ikhilogremu eyi-1 yayilingana nesisindo sekhilogremu yokuqala “Big K” egcinwe yi-International Bureau of Metrology.Uma isisindo somzimba se-"big K" sishintsha, khona-ke iyunithi yekhilogremu izoshintsha, futhi ithinte uchungechunge lwamayunithi ahlobene.Lezi zinguquko "zithinta wonke umzimba", zonke izigaba zokuphila kuzodingeka zihlole kabusha izindinganiso ezikhona, futhi indlela yokuchaza njalo ixazulula le nkinga ngokuphelele.Njengoba nje ngo-1967, lapho incazelo yeyunithi yesikhathi “yesibili” ibuyekezwa kanye nezakhiwo ze-athomu, isintu namuhla sinokuzulazula ngesathelayithi nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi, ukuchazwa kabusha kwamayunithi amane ayisisekelo kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kwisayensi, ezobuchwepheshe. , ezohwebo, ezempilo, imvelo kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukulinganisa kuqala.Ukulinganisa akusona nje isandulela nesiqiniseko sesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuvikela izimpilo nempilo yabantu.Isiqubulo salo nyaka soSuku Lomhlaba LweMetrology sithi “Ukukala Impilo”.Emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kusukela ekunqumeni ukuhlolwa komzimba okuncane kanye nemithamo yezidakamizwa kuya ekuhlonzweni okunembile kanye nokukalwa kwamaprotheni ayinkimbinkimbi nama-molecule e-RNA ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komjovo, i-metrology yezokwelapha iyindlela edingekayo yokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemishini yezokwelapha.Emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-metrology inikeza ukusekelwa kokuqapha nokuphathwa komoya, izinga lamanzi, inhlabathi, imvelo yemisebe nokunye ukungcola, futhi "iliso lomlilo" lokuvikela izintaba eziluhlaza.Emkhakheni wokuphepha kokudla, ukudla okungenakungcola kudinga ukulinganisa okunembile kanye nokutholwa kwezinto eziyingozi kuzo zonke izici zokukhiqiza, ukupakisha, ezokuthutha, ukuthengisa, njll., ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokulindelwe umphakathi ngokudla okunempilo.Ngokuzayo, i-metrology kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuthaze ukwenziwa kwasendaweni, ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokufakwa uphawu kwemishini yokuxilongwa kwedijithali kanye nemishini yokwelapha emkhakheni we-biomedicine e-China, futhi ihole futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023